维吾尔族麻扎的功能职司及其演变研究

麻扎朝拜主要指以获取麻扎庇护或以拜访为目的在＂伟人之墓＂（mazar）举行的礼拜、诵经、祈祷、祭祀等仪式活动。麻扎朝拜在维吾尔族中有着广泛的群众基础,特别是在农村朝拜麻扎已成为维吾尔族宗教信仰的重要组成部分和不可或缺的宗教活动。维吾尔族中大部分麻扎的职司功能上具有综合性,人们带着各种目的和祈求前来朝拜。但是还有不少麻扎具有某种专业职司,满足朝拜者不同的需要。研究麻扎的功能为出发点,可以看到,麻扎在维吾尔族的精神和物质生活中扮演的角色以及这种角色与民众文化行为发生的联系。经济、政治与社会的发展对麻扎功能及其有关仪式的影响深远。

Studies on the Function and Evolution of Uighur Mazar

Mazar worship is a series of the religious ritual of praying,chanting,sacrificing,etc.for the purpose of obtaining Mazar or getting protection of Mazar at ＂the tomb of great people＂（Mazar）.Mazar worship has a broad mass base among Uighur,especially in rural areas.It has become an important component of religious belief and religious activity.The function of most Mazar among Uighur is comprehensive.People worship Mazar for different purposes and expectations.But some Mazar still plays the professional function to satisfy various purposes of pilgrims.Starting from the function of Mazar,we can learn the role Mazar plays in Uighur people＇s spiritual and material life and the relationship between the role and the mass cultural activity.We can also learn that the economic,political and social development is influential to the function and the relevant ritual of Mazar.