“文学自觉说” 与汉代文学风貌

本文梳理了"文学自觉说"的学术史,并藉此探讨了汉代文学风貌中的若干重要问题。本文认为,"文学自觉说"最初只是就魏晋时代的理论批评风气而发,它也只是在理论批评的层面上才具备科学性。后世学者的种种建构和解构,背离了"自觉说"的初衷,增大了"自觉"一词的涵义混乱,同时也模糊了"文学"的概念。这段学术史,不断加深着人们对汉代文学风貌的辨析和认识,但也存在矫枉过正之弊。事实上,从文体、修辞、内容三方面看,汉代文学仍有诸多模糊、依傍、质朴之处,其更多地延续了先秦文学,而与魏晋文学之间差异明显。因此,就"断限效应"而言,"魏晋文学自觉说"仍具有合理性。

The Theory of Literary Consciousness and the Literary Features of the Han Dynasty

This paper gives a historical account of the theory of literary consciousness and discusses some important literary features of the Han dynasty.The theory of literary consciousness initially aimed at interpreting the literary theory and criticism in the Wei-Jin Period and as a result it held water only at the level of theoretical criticism.However,the scholars since then have tried to construct or deconstruct this theory and deviated from its original intention by confusing the concepts of "consciousness" and "literature".This research history has deepened our understanding of literary features of the Han dynasty but it has sometimes gone to extremes.In fact,in style,rhetoric and content,the literature of the Han dynasty has some features like vagueness,imitation and simplicity similar to the Pre-Qin literature and is quite different from Wei-Jin literature.Thus,in terms of the demarcation of literary history,"the theory of literary consciousness of the Wei-Jin Period" still holds water.