反不正当竞争法一般条款在知识产权保护中的适用定位

现行法律对数据属性及利用规则的模糊状态, 使得《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》在平等市场主体之间的数据类纠纷案件裁判中发挥中流砥柱作用, 实践中创设的规则在《禁止网络不正当竞争行为规定(公开征求意见稿)》和《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法〉若干问题的解释(征求意见稿)》中进一步得到提炼。现有司法实践虽对保障企业数据权益、推动公共数据流通进行了有限的探索, 但还应进一步结合数据的特点与效益, 充分保障数据控制者的合法权益, 促进数据健康有序流动。数据竞争纠纷中, 司法机关应从权利侵害判断范式向行为正当性判断范式转化, 注重案件背后的消费者福利与技术创新, 积极探索适用数据可携权, 以能动司法引导行业形成公平有序的数据行业规范。

Amazon's antitrust paradox

The unclarity of data attributes and utilization rules in the current law makes the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China play a mainstay role in the adjudication of data dispute cases between equal market subjects, and pushes the rules created in practice further refined in the Regulations on the Prohibition of Online Unfair Competition Acts (Draft for Comments) and the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft for Comments). Although the existing judicial practice has made some exploration on protecting the rights and interests of enterprise data and promoting the flow of public data, it should further combine the characteristics and benefits of data, which is, it not only fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of data controllers, but also promote the orderly flow of data. In data competition disputes, the judiciary should transform from the right infringement judgment paradigm to the behavior legitimacy judgment paradigm, pay attention to the consumer welfare and technological innovation behind the case, and actively explore the applicable data portability, so as to actively guide the judiciary to form a fair and orderly data industry standard.