数字贸易规则“欧式模板”的典型特征及发展趋向

目的/意义数字贸易是国际贸易创新发展的新引擎、新动能、新赛道，深入研究数字贸易内生式增长的动力与机制，才能掌握数字贸易的发展规律趋势。设计/方法采用归纳演绎研究方法，基于内生增长理论的思路，构建“技术–数据–平台”的数字贸易内生增长分析框架，解释各国数字贸易内生增长的差异性。结论/发现数字技术扩散效应、数据要素倍增效应与数字平台网络效应，可以较好地解释影响数字贸易增长的主要因素及其相互作用。全球数字贸易发展分为电商化阶段、数字化阶段与智能化阶段三个阶段，呈现出标的多元化、业态融合化、供应链一体化等趋势，但也存在技术差距扩大化、数据储存本地化例外条件设置差异大等消极走向，需要共商共建全球数字贸易数字化治理体系。完善加快发展数字贸易政策体系、重构传统贸易产业链、推动数字技术研发和应用、释放数据要素潜力，是中国把握数字贸易内生式发展主动权的先手棋。

Digital trade in WTO-law: taking stock and looking ahead

[Purpose/Significance] Digital trade is the new engine, new dynamic energy and new track for the innovative development of international trade. In-depth study of the dynamics and mechanism of the endogenous growth of digital trade is necessary to master the development trend of digital trade. [Design/Methodology] Using the induction and deduction research method and based on endogenous growth theory, the paper constructs a “technology-data-platform” framework for analyzing the endogenous growth of digital trade to explain the differences in the endogenous growth of digital trade among countries. [Conclusions/Findings] The digital technology diffusion effect, data factor multiplication effect and digital platform network effect can better explain the main factors affecting the growth of digital trade and their interactions. The development of global digital trade is divided into three stages: e-commerce stage, digital stage and intelligent stage, showing trends such as diversification of targets, integration of business models and integration of supply chains. However, there are also negative directions such as widening of technology gaps and the setting of exception conditions for localization of data storage localization of data storage varies widely, which require co-business to build a global digital trade digital governance system. Improving the policy system to accelerate the development of digital trade, reconstructing the traditional trade industry chain, promoting the development and application of digital technology, and releasing the potential of data elements are the first moves for China to grasp the initiative of endogenous development of digital trade.