马克思的意识形态批判及其流变

在马克思那里，意识形态是一个应当予以批判和超越的否定性概念。马克思在科学实践观的基础上，用唯物主义的方法对资产阶级的意识形态进行了彻底的批判，并成功地实现了对意识形态的超越，建立了科学的社会学说──共产主义学说。然而，在马克思之后，意识形态观念发生了流变。这种流变具有历史的深层根源，它对无产阶级解放斗争既有一定的积极意义，又留下一定的缺憾。正本清源，继承马克思意识形态批判的武器，在今天具有重大的现实意义。

Marx's Criticisms on Ideology and Its Variations

To Karl Marx, ideology is a negative concept that should be criticized and transcended. On the basis of his scientific views on practice, Marx criticized bourgeois ideology thoroughly using materialist methods, and succeeded in transcending that ideology and establishing his own scientific social teachings-communism. After him, however, ideological views deformed. The deformation, with its deep roots in history, has had a certain positive significance to the liberation of the proletariat and yet has left behind some regret. It is therefore realistically meaningful to inherit Marx's weapon of ideological criticism.