新中国成立前后美国对华政策调整的原因

在新中国成立前后，美国对华政策经历了一个微妙的调整阶段。分析调整的原因，美国最高决策人对国际形势的判断构成了美国对华政策的基本框架，两大阵营对峙的冷战政策是起决定性作用的因素。但美国国内在中苏关系上存在着不同的认识和分析，以及建立国际联盟来孤立新中国行动的失败，造成其政策的左右摇摆。此外，美国政府对中国现实和未来的认识和判断促使其调整对华政策，但又始终受到美国国内亲蒋势力和中共对美政策的制约和影响。在美国全球战略出台、特别是朝鲜战争爆发后，美国政府对新中国采取强硬的政策，麦卡锡主义既是一份警告杜鲁门政府在东亚不得再退却的最后通牒，又是一帖促使它步入军事干涉中国之路的刺激剂。

Reasons for the Change of US Policies Towards China Before and Alter the Foundation of New China

There was a subtle change in the US policy towards China before and after New China was founded in 1949. During the process of change, the analysis of the international situation by US top policy makers laid the fundamental framework of US policy toward China, and the Cold War policy resulted from the confrontation between the two camps constituted the decisive factor of change. However, due to its divergent views and analyses of Sino-Soviet relations and its failure to establish an international united front to isolate New China, US policy toward China swayed. In addition, the US government's judgment of China's reality and future forced it to adjust its policy toward China, which was restrained and influenced by the influence of its pro-Nationalist groups and the policies of the Chinese Communist Party toward the United States. The announcement of NSC68, and the outbreak of the Korean War in particular, forced the US government to adopt a tougher policy toward New China. McCarthyism was not only ultimatum to the Truman Administration to stop any further retreat from East Asia, but also a catalyst to US military interference with China.