土地纠纷中证据类型与运用规则分析

为破解证据类型划分以及证据运用规则在土地纠纷中的适用难点,应用类案分析方法对土地纠纷司法裁判文书进行探析发现:在证据类型方面,以“人证、物证、书证”模式划分土地证据易致对其被动消极认定,“材料 证据 定案依据”模式存在行政机关取代审判主体认识的倾向,应审慎运用“证据资料 证据方法”二元结构,而按照“主要 一般 参考”模式进行划分具有现实意义;在证据运用规则方面,民事证据保全制度与土地纠纷解决无法完全适配,土地证据客体范围在常规证据收集制度下产生排斥现象,亟需释放土地纠纷电子证据的应用潜力。因此土地纠纷证据运用一方面需要以土地证据类型划分为基准,平衡土地证据举证责任;另一方面需要以土地证据适用认定为切入,构建“抗告 撤销 赔偿”的缓冲带。要打破部门法学科壁垒,以土地法条文为基底,合理解释土地证据规范,推进土地仲裁证据非诉化。

Analysis of Evidence Types and Evidence Application Rules in Land Disputes

In order to solve the difficulties in the classification of evidence types and the application of rules for the use of evidence in land disputes,this paper analyzes the judicial adjudication documents of land disputes by using the case like analysis method,and finds that in the aspect of evidence types,the classification of land evidence by the mode of “witness, material evidence and documentary evidence” is easy to lead to passive identification,and the mode of “material evidence basis for deciding a case” tends to be replaced by administrative organs,so the dual structure of “evidence data evidence method” should be used cautiously.As for the rules of evidence application,the civil evidence preservation system can not be fully adapted to the settlement of land disputes,and the object scope of land evidence is excluded under the conventional evidence collection system,so it is urgent to release the application potential of electronic evidence in land disputes.The research holds that the use of evidence in land disputes needs to balance the burden of proof based on the classification of land evidence on the one hand,and build a buffer zone of “protest revocation compensation” based on the identification of land evidence on the other hand.At the same time,it is also necessary to break down the barriers of departmental law,reasonably explain the norms of land evidence and promote the non litigation of land arbitration evidence on the basis of land law provisions.