对德奥弗拉斯特在逻辑史上的贡献的再认识

德奥弗拉斯特跳出亚里士多德直言三段论又为人类逻辑贡献了假言、选言三段论,其创造性学说一直被错误地视为命题逻辑。德奥弗拉斯特本意在于开拓新逻辑关系,挖掘新研究对象,并非在意变项为何形式。后人臆测其变项为命题,从而归为命题逻辑,这是以分析方法混淆了研究对象。斯多葛命题逻辑并未发展德奥弗拉斯特学说,直到现代数理逻辑都是走了另一条路。正确认识德奥弗拉斯特的贡献,才能明辨普通逻辑的方向。

Further Cognition of Theophrastus' Contribution In the History Of Logic

Theophrastus, departing from Aristotle's categorical syllogism, has contributed hypothetical and selective syllogism to the logic of mankind. Yet his creative theory has always been wrongly regarded as propositional logic. For his real intention lies in carving out a new logical relation and tapping the new objects of study, instead of caring about what form the variable is. Later scholars have surmised that the variable is proposition, thus classifying it as propositional logic. This has actually confused the objects of study with the means of analysis. From propositional logic of Stoicism that has failed to develop Theophrastus' theory, and even the present mathematical logic has gone astray. Consequently, only by having a correct understanding of Theophrastus' contributions, can we be able to clearly distinguish the direction of general logic.