共产国际东方战略再探讨——从世界革命理论的视角看

共产国际在成立初期对于东方革命的总体构想,学界通常以"东方战略"名之。这个说法流行虽广,却有把复杂的历史简单化之嫌。最大的问题在于忽略了共产国际对东方革命的设想是从世界革命总体布局出发的。直到1920年,列宁和共产国际还在马克思、恩格斯的意义上坚持世界革命理论。尽管在共产国际二大上对东方革命的前景作出了超越阶段的乐观估计,但仍然是以欧洲革命胜利为前提的。直到共产国际四大,随着欧洲革命陷入低潮,东方革命在世界革命中的地位才变得突出,但却脱离了原来世界革命理论的框架,这是共产国际在指导中国大革命中一系列错误的总根源。

A Further Discussion on Communist International Oriental Strategy: As Viewed from the World Revolution Theory

The general conception of Oriental Revolution,in the early establishment of Communist International,was usually named after "Oriental strategy" in the academic circles.Although this view quite prevailed,actually,it is on suspicion of simplifying the complicated history.The biggest problem is that it neglected the fact that the assumption on Oriental Revolution made by the Communist International was out of the general layout of the World Revolution.Not until 1920 did Lenin and the Communist International still persist in the World Revolution Theory to the understanding of Marx and Engel.Although the Second Congress of the Communist International optimistically estimated the prospect of the Oriental Revolution beyond the stage,it was still on the premise of the Triumph of European Revolution.Till the Fourth Congress of the Communist International,European Revolution falling into low tide,the place of Oriental Revolution,then,became prominent in the World Revolution,but it actually broke away from the original World Revolution Theory frame,which is the overall root of a series of mistakes during the Great Chinese Revolution instructed by the Communist International.