公正观念的民间认同:“叶玉珍”财产继承案分析

在法律秩序达成官方和民间（国家和社会）两个面向的分析框架下，黄宗智和张静分别从“实践”和“利益分配”的角度提出民间面向上存在的两种解释维度。本文从“叶玉珍”财产继承案出发，着重探讨公正观念的民间认同，认为在抽象原则上，官方和民间都认同“权利和义务一致”的公正观念，但在义务的具体内容上，存在个人义务与家族义务的认同冲突。由此，本文回溯历史，梳理明清以来寡妇财产继承权的变迁，进一步揭示其中所反映的公正观念在官方和民间认同上的一致与冲突，提出在民间这一面向上，“公正观念的民间认同”是以往未注意到的另一解释维度，从而试图对法律秩序的达成加入新的解释维度。

Consensus of Justice by the Civil: Analysis of the "Estate Inheritance Case of Ye Yuzhen"

Within the two dimensional framework (the state and the civil) in the legal order， Huang Zongzhi’s “practical view” and Zhang Jing’s “profit distribution view” represent the two explanatory perspectives on the civil dimension. This paper focuses on the recognition of justice by the folk using the “Estate Inheritance Case of Ye Yuzhen”. Both the state and the civil agree on the abstract principle that “justice means the consistency between rights and obligations”，but disagree when it comes to the concrete contents of obligations， showing a conflict in the understanding of individual obligations and family obligations. This paper reviews the historical changes in the widows’ estate inheritance rights since Ming and Qing Dynasties to reveal where agreement and disagreement exist in the perception of justice by the state and the civil. The paper finally points out that， on the civil dimension， “recognition of justice by the civil” has been neglected as an explanatory perspective and that this perspective should be added in the process to achieve the legal order.