南明政权对日通好求助政策的形成过程

明朝自嘉靖、万历以来 ,直至崇祯末覆灭 ,与日本断绝了外交关系 ,而南明政权对日本改行通好、求助的政策。由前者的断绝交往到后者的通好求助 ,经过了一个逐渐转变的过程。这个转变过程是在南明时期完成的 ,共分三个阶段 :一、弘光时期 ,这是沿用明朝末年旧政策的阶段 ;二、鲁监国、隆武两政权并存时期 ,这是拒绝交往与通好、求助同时并存的阶段 ;三、鲁监国政权、郑成功及其子孙主持的政权、永历政权等并存时期 ,这是通好、求助政策全面推行阶段。影响南明政权对日态度转变的因素 ,包括总体形势、力量对比的变化 ,当事人的经历和性格 ,以及地域远近等

The Policy of Making Friendly Relations with and Asking Help from Japan: Formation in the Southern Ming Regimes

The Ming Dynasty had cut off its relations with Japan since the Emperors Jiajing and Wanli until its collapse at the end of Emperor Chongzhen. The writer in this paper is to deal with how and why the southern Ming regimes carried its policy toward Japan. This will be treated by three phases: (1) Zhu Yousong's (the prince Fu, the then Emperor Hongguang of the southern Ming) regime (1644 1645) followed the policy of the later Ming Dynasty; (2) the coexisting regime of Zhu Yihai (prince Lu who was supported by his army to take power in Eastern Zhejuang and was made Jianguo (supervisor of the state when the emperor of the southern Ming was absent) and Zhu Youlang (Prince Gui, Emperor of the southern Ming (1645 1646)) regime refused to make friendly policy but managed to ask help from Japan; (3) the coexisting regime of Zhu Yihai, Zheng Changgong (1624 1662) and his descendants, and Zhu Yulang (prince Gui, Emperor of southern Ming (1646 1661) carried the policy of making friendly relations with and asking help from Japan. The factors causing the changes of attitudes the Southern Ming applied toward Japan were (a) the changes of general situation and the balance of power; (b)the different background experiences and characters of the policy makers of the southern Ming regimes; and (c) the localities of the regimes.