中国哲学中身心关系的几种形态

本文在西方相关理论的映照下,分析中国传统哲学中身心关系理论的不同形态,认为中国历史上的大多数哲学家倾向于朴素的身心合一论,较少由理性分析推到极处而有的身心分离为二个实体的学说;大都在身心合一的前提下讨论身与心的互相影响,且在身心二者中更重视心的作用。并且因为气本论的传统, 大多数哲学家将精神活动归结为气的自然作用,且在修养中加入道德的、艺术的意味。这使它在整体上呈现出浑全性、对心理活动挖掘不深且将心理活动自然表显于语言和行为的现象学特点。

Several Modalities of Body-Mind Relations in the Traditional Chinese Philosophy

Zhang Xuezhi analyses several modalities of body - mind relation in the traditional Chinese philosophy. He argues that, in comparison with other western philosophical doctrines, most ancient Chinese philosophers are inclined to hold a simple doctrine of syncretism of body and mind rather than to engage in an excessive logical discussion on the separation of body and mind. They also focus on the interaction of body and mind in the premises of syncretism of the two, stressing in particular the function of mind. In addition, most traditional Chinese philosophers believe in the doctrine of the fundamental material force, Qi; therefore they would trace the cause of their spiritual activities to the natural effect of the material force, Qi, and would accord moral and artistic values for their own self-cultivation. The modalities represent a phenomenological characteristic that looks at mental activities lightly, and examines language and action as a natural revelation of material force, Qi.