电力工业与火电行业生态效率实证分析

电力工业具有高消耗、高污染、高排放的特点,是导致大气污染的主要因素之一,因此提升电力工业生态效率是我国节能减排与应对气候变化的有效途径,也是整个电力工业特别是火电行业持续健康发展的基础。本文利用2001-2011年全国电力工业及火电行业的发电量、装机容量、从业人员、原料投入以及SO2、CO2排放数据,采用数据包络分析方法计算了整个电力工业和火电行业的生态效率,结果表明,火电行业虽然经过了一系列的节能减排改造,但是火电为主的行业结构特点是直接影响电力工业生态效率偏低的主要因素。根据统计结果,对改进电力工业和火电行业生态效率进行了分析,并建议我国电力工业要从国家层面、行业主管部门和电力企业共同挖掘节能减排空间,实现电力工业低碳、绿色发展。

An Empirical Study of Eco-efficiency for Electric Power Industry andThermal Power Sectors

The electric power industry has the characteristics of high consumption, high pollution andhigh emission, and is one of the main factors of air pollution. To improve eco-efficiency of the powerindustry is not only an effective way of energy conservation, emission abatement, and addressing climatechange, but also the basis for sustainable and sound development for the power industry, especially for thethermal power sectors. The model of data envelopment analysis （DEA） is applied to figure out the ecoefficiencyof the power generation industry via using the industrial data of generating capacity, installedcapacity, practitioners, input of materials and emission of SO2, CO2 from 2001 to 2011. The result showsthat generation structure dominated by thermal power results to lower the eco-efficiency of the powerindustry though after a series of energy-saving emission reduction transformation. In addition, how to improvethe eco-efficiency of the electric utility industry and the thermal power sectors is discussed. The government,industry and enterprise should explore the energy-saving emission reduction space of the electric utilityindustry together and achieve a low carbon and green development.