明代道教世俗化成因初探

明代道教世俗化是道教发展史上一次重要的宗教转型,其成因一方面源自于道教自身发展的逻辑,这可以归结为神仙信仰的动摇、内丹术的通俗化以及对儒家伦理思想的吸收三个方面;另一方面源自于道教特别是正一道,因其＂益人伦,厚风俗＂的社会政治功效而受到明代统治者的推崇,继而渗透于世俗的道德伦理生活中。与此同时,正一道自身作出的变革,特别是天师张宇初对道教规范和思想两方面的建设与提升,实际上使道教更好地适应了世俗化的需要。

The Reasons of the Secularization of the Taoism in Ming Dynasty

The secularization of the Taoism is an important religious transformation in the Ming Dynasty of China .On one hand ,it resulted from the evolving tendency of Taoism itself ,such as the change of the immortal belief ,the popularization of the inner alchemy ,and the absorption of the Confucian ethics ;on the other hand ,the transformation resulted from the advocation of the Ming government to the Tao-ism （especial the Orthodox Unity Taoism ） for its positive influences on both society and moral .Mean-while ,the reformations of the Taoism itself ,especially Zhang Yuchu＇s improvements to the norms and the thoughts of Taoism ,promoted the adaption of Taoism to its secularizing trend .