Gambling-Related Cognitive Biases and Pathological Gambling Among Youths, Young Adults, and Mature Adults in Chinese Societies |
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Authors: | Catherine So-kum Tang Anise M S Wu |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, AS4, Level 2, 9 Arts Link, Singapore, Singapore;(2) Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China |
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Abstract: | This study investigated the extent to which gambling-related cognitive biases would associate with various levels of gambling
pathology among 2,835 youths, 934 young adults, and 162 mature adults in Chinese societies. Results showed that gambling cognitive
biases, especially biases in perceived inability to stop gambling and positive gambling expectancy, were salient correlates
of pathological gambling across the three age cohorts. Analyses of variances on total cognitive biases also showed a gambling
pathology main effect and an age cohort × gambling pathology 2-way interaction effect. It was noted that the probable pathological
gambling group had greater cognitive biases than the probable problem gambling group, which in turn had greater cognitive
biases than the non-problem gambling group. In the non-problem gambling group, mature adults had greater cognitive biases
than youths and young adults, but this pattern was reversed in the probable problem gambling group. In the probable pathological
gambling group, youths had greater cognitive biases than young and mature adults. Specific categories of cognitive biases
also varied according to gender and gambling pathology. While men as compared to women in the non-problem and probable problem
gambling groups reported a greater bias in their perceived inability to stop gambling, no significant gender difference in
this bias was found in the probable pathological gambling group. Men generally had greater perceived gambling expectancy bias
than women. |
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