环境政策与企业生产技术效率——以造纸企业为例

理解环境保护与经济发展的关系是制定切实可行的环境政策的基础。在微观层面，环境政策的实施会影响污染企业的技术选择和生产效率，从而影响企业的经济绩效。这种影响制约着企业，甚至地方政府在污染控制方面的力度。该文采用造纸企业的调查数据，利用随机前沿生产函数的方法，分析了造纸企业的技术效率及其影响因素，同时在影响因素中引入COD收费率指标分析环境政策对企业效率的影响。分析结果显示，我国造纸行业在1999—2003年，在国家加大环境政策执行力度的背景下，取得了明显的效率改进，环境政策对不同类型的企业有不同的影响。这些结果为进一步改进环境政策提供了依据。

Environmental Policies and Enterprise Technical Efficiency: Exemplified with Paper Mills

It is crucial to work out a practical environmental policy that understanding the relationship between environmental protection and economic development.The micro-level implementation of environmental regulation often affects technology selection and production efficiency of enterprises.Accordingly it will influence the benefit of mills.This kind of effect restricts the extent of the pollution control which is carried out by the enterprises and local governments.Based on the survey data of 126 paper mills chosen from six provinces of China,using a stochastic frontier production model,the paper analyzes the technical efficiency and effect factors,besides,index of COD is introduced in the analysis of effect of environmental policy.As a result,production efficiency of paper industry constantly improves on a background of tightened environmental policy from 1999 to 2004.The charge ratio of COD has different effects on different types of mills,which provides the reference for improving the policy.