低碳视角下的可再生能源政策——激励机制与模式选择

利用可再生能源是实现碳减排和能源安全的主要手段,是实现中国可持续发展的主要途径。然而,由于缺乏对可再生能源外部性的合理评估,现实的和潜在的风险阻碍了可再生能源技术的大规模应用。有效的激励政策是,通过价格、补贴和强制消费等手段刺激企业投资可再生能源,促进经济向低碳方向发展。纵观世界各国,不同的可再生能源政策模式在控制成本、创造需求、降低风险及稳定性等各方面存在差异性,而政策的激励效果是以上因素综合作用的结果。因此,政策制定者必须根据现实的能源要素禀赋和技术发展水平进行合理的政策模式选择。中国可再生能源开发潜力大,近年来利用增速快,但也存在着整体利用率低、地域和技术发展不平衡等问题。在现阶段,中国可再生能源激励政策应以固定上网电价制模式为主,将可再生能源利用数量作为基本目标,促进技术创新,建立合理的定价机制。这对中国建设低碳社会、加快转变经济发展方式具有关键性作用。

Low Carbon Energy Policy:Renewable Energy Incentives and Patterns

The threat of global climate change and high fuel import dependence in recent years have intensified the quest for renewable energy(RE) for a more sustainable development.However,lack of appropriate externality appraisal of RE is viewed as a cause for realistic and potential barriers to deployment of RE technologies.The key task of RE policy-makers is therefore to create a variety of incentives to encourage the necessary investments of RE to be undertaken.A range of RE policies developed in western countries are discussed in the paper,followed by a review of policy practice in China.A comprehensive pricing-based and volume targeted policy system is proposed in the paper to promote the development of RE in China.