论普鲁士犹太人的解放

1807年开始的普鲁士改革以及随之而来的"复辟时代",改变了犹太人一体化地获得解放的进程,并将他们推向了一条消解自身民族性、个体化地适应市民社会的"同化"道路。在半个多世纪里,普鲁士国家的官僚机构一直将他们排除在国家公职、教育机构职业以及传统职业之外,除非他们接受基督教的洗礼。因此,犹太人尽管获得了一种经济上的自身解放,但并没有获得法律上的平等地位,因而这种"解放"以及与之相联系的"同化"都是不完全的。1871年德帝国的建立,才为犹太人在法律上的真正解放开辟了新的可能性。

The Jews' Liberation in Prussia

The Prussian Reform in 1807 and the Restoration Age changed the process of the Jews' integrative Liberation. And it also pushed Jews into an assimilative way, which dispelled their nationality and forced them to be personally adapted to the civilian society. In more than half a century, the bureaucratic apparatus of Prussian countries refused them to enter the national public employment, education organizations and some traditional professions, except that they had received the baptisms of the Christian religion. As a result, although the Jews had liberated themselves in economy, they didn't have the equality in law. So this kind of liberation and the related assimilation were not complete. The establishment of the German Empire in 1871 provided the new possibility for the real legal liberation of the Jews.