考虑第三方物流竞争的第四方物流运输与库存外包决策

第四方物流在物流外包中的主导地位和第三方物流在提供服务时基于配送频率的竞争对物流外包产生重要影响。针对这一问题,本文建立基于价格、配送频率和需求分配比例的三阶段非合作动态决策模型和库存运输联合优化模型(ITIO)来分析4PL主导的业务外包和3PL之间的竞争,通过对比两个模型来分析决策权对个体和系统绩效的影响,并用算例验证了文章的结论。研究表明,在3PL同质且需求分配比例为0.5时,三阶段非合作动态决策模型的配送频率比ITIO最优值小29%,库存持有成本比ITIO最优值高41%,物流配送成本比ITIO最优值小21%,总成本比ITIO最优值大9%。库存运输联合优化模型虽然具有一定成本优势,但是其过分强调协调不利于3PL之间的竞争和提高。

Transportation and Inventory Outsourcing Decision-makings of Fourth Party Logistics Based on Third Party Logistics Competition

The leading position of fourth party logistics (4PL) in logistics outsourcing and the time based competition of third party logistics(3PL) have important impact on logistics out sourcing3.To solve this problem,we develop three stage noncooperative decision making model and inventory transportation integrated optimization(ITIO) model about the price,delivery frequency and task allocation,to analyze the leading position of 4PL and the competition of 3PL.By comparing the two decision making models,we study the impact of decision-making power on individual and system performance,and use numerical analysis to verify the conclusions Studies show that: when 3PLs are homogenous and the ratio of 3PL's task allocation is 0.5,delivery frequency of three stage decision making model is 29% lower than the optimal value of IT IO,invent ory holding cost is 41% higher,logistics cost is 21% lower,and total cost is 9% higher.Although ITIO model has certain cost advantages,putting too much emphasis on coordination is not conducive to the competition and improvement of 3PL.