社区:微观组织建设与社会管理——后单位制时代的社会政策视角

随着我国人口大规模快速流动以及家庭、宗族等传统社会微观组织单元的削弱和单位体制的解体,社会管理须构建和强化新的微观组织单元来实现个体组织化。社区作为国家与民众互动的基本界面,既有户籍人口和流动人口的多种社会政策需求,又有丰富的组织和人力资源可资利用,因此是创新社会管理首选的微观组织基础。我们可以借鉴能促型国家的理念,激发社区、居民的潜能,通过社会政策的实施提高社区的组织化水平,从而以社区夯实社会管理之基。在操作上,可考虑以支持家庭发展的社区社会福利递送为抓手,同时打造社区面向流动人口就业服务的平台,实现社会管理的上游干预。

Community,Microcosmic Organization Building and Social Management: A Perspective Based on Social Policy in Post Unit-system Era

With large-scale and rapid growing migrant population,as well as the weakening of social functions of work units and traditional microcosmic units involving family and patriarchal clan in China,it’s essential to cultivate new kinds of microcosmic units to organize the individuals,through which social management could be strengthened.The community has been functioning as an interface between the State and citizens.This paper argues that the State should enable the communities and citizens to enhance their capacity of social management at the community level,and develop community-based social service delivery programs,suggests that the community could be a platform to serve migrants and strengthen the role of families in delivery welfare benefits to family members and migrant population.