布依族仪式性傩戏"哑面"

布依族仪式性傩戏“哑面”,是在布依族传统丧事的绕棺仪式中表演的哑剧性质的仪式性傩 戏,是一种非常古老的傩戏。它的巫术意识最为强烈和直接,它的表演本身就是一个让死者重获 生命的巫术仪式性活动,这在傩戏中是非常罕见的。其表现的性意识也是目前所见的傩戏中最为直白的,而且其表现形式更为单一和纯粹。它的面具的形式更具朴陋特色。如果说“撮泰吉”(变 人戏)①是一种“亚傩戏”,②那么,这种布依族丧事中的仪式性傩戏“哑面”则应该是一种“前傩 戏”了。

"Ya-Mian:" A Ritualistic Nuo Drama of the Buyeis

The "ya-mian"(with the meaning ofwoman as a mother in Buyei language) is an age-old ritualistic nuo drama of the Buyeis, which played like mummeryin the ritualof raoguan(walking around the coffin), a part of the funeralof the Buyeis. In ya-mian, the decedentgets a new birth symbolically, so we can regard it as a magic ritual directly. It is rarely observedin other nuo drama. Moreover, in the drama, the sexwas presented in a very frank and simple way. And the style of the masks used in the ritual is older than one in other nuodrama. The author argues that the drama might be called the pro-nuo drama, just like the zuo-tai-ji (anuo-dramaof the Yis with the meaning ofa drama of changing into human beingin Yi language) can be called the sub-nuo drama.