比较优势理论与对外贸易战略的选择

人们对比较优势理论的认识主要是为我所用的目的性所决定的。实际上,比较优势理论对现实的指导意义在于,把握好该理论运用实际过程的转折点。而对外贸易政策或战略的制定有两个不同层次的意义:一是国家宏观层面的;二是属于产业层面的,二者不能混淆。在不同的时期,贸易政策有历史的价值和局限性,有不同的部门适用性及自己特定的含义和适用性。因此,将国家宏观的对外贸易发展战略与对产业部门或产品在对外贸易发展中的战略性贸易政策区分开是非常重要的;比较优势理论的动态化是该理论的自有之意,而政府所能做的是推动和保障比较优势的充分发挥,并缩短从一种产业优势或产品优势向其他高附加值产业或产品优势转变的时间。

Comparative Advancement Theory and Strategic Choice of Foreign Trade

Some understandings of comparative advancement theory are very pragmatism. In fact, the directing implication of the theory lies in the turning point of the practice. The two different levels of making trade strategies should not be confused: one is macroeconomic consideration, the other is industrial planning. Trade policies have their historical value and limitations in different periods, which will suit to different sectors and have particular meanings. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the distinctions of development and strategic policies of foreign trade. The comparative advancement theory is dynamic. And what governments can do is to promote and ensure the comparative advancement, and to shorten the time from the advancement of industry, or product, to that of high added value industry.