A Cross-species Comparison of Facial Morphology and Movement in Humans and Chimpanzees Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) |
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Authors: | Sarah-Jane Vick Bridget M Waller Lisa A Parr Marcia C Smith Pasqualini Kim A Bard |
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Institution: | (1) Scottish Primate Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK;(2) Centre for the Study of Emotion, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry I St., Portsmouth, UK;(3) Divison of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA;(4) Department of Psychology, Avila University, Kansas City, MO, USA |
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Abstract: | A comparative perspective has remained central to the study of human facial expressions since Darwin’s (1872/1998). The expression
of the emotions in man and animals (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press] insightful observations on the presence and
significance of cross-species continuities and species-unique phenomena. However, cross-species comparisons are often difficult
to draw due to methodological limitations. We report the application of a common methodology, the Facial Action Coding System
(FACS) to examine facial movement across two species of hominoids, namely humans and chimpanzees. FACS Ekman & Friesen (1978).
Facial action coding system. CA: Consulting Psychology Press] has been employed to identify the repertoire of human facial
movements. We demonstrate that FACS can be applied to other species, but highlight that any modifications must be based on
both underlying anatomy and detailed observational analysis of movements. Here we describe the ChimpFACS and use it to compare
the repertoire of facial movement in chimpanzees and humans. While the underlying mimetic musculature shows minimal differences,
important differences in facial morphology impact upon the identification and detection of related surface appearance changes
across these two species.
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Keywords: | Comparative anatomy Chimpanzees Facial action coding system (FACS) Facial morphology |
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