两种意义上的历史概念与两种意义上的历史唯物主义

本文提出可对“历史唯物主义”作狭义和广义的两种理解,其前提是对“历史”概念的狭义和广义的理解。广义的“历史”是指人类社会的历史,人的精神活动和物质活动构成历史的两个方面。狭义的“历史”是指人们的历史存在。即人们的物质活动,社会存在。马克思曾在两种不同的意义上使用过“历史”概念。“历史唯物主义”中的“历史”如果是广义的,“历史唯物主义”就是狭义的,是指对社会历史的唯物主义理解,是马克思主义哲学的一部分。“历史唯物主义”中的“历史”如果是狭义的,“历史唯物主义”就是广义的,是指从人们的历史存在出发来解释人们的思想观念的唯物主义哲学,它是马克思主义哲学的整体。本文认为,只有把马克思创立的新哲学理解为广义的历史唯物主义,才能深刻理解马克思在哲学上变苹的实质。

Notion of History with Two Meanings and Historical Materialisam with Two Meanings

This whole argues that we can comprehend "historical materialism" in either a urn sense or a general sense. This compthension is based on understanding of the notion of history in a narrow sense or in a general sense. History in the general sense means the history of human societies which is constituted by spiritual and material activities of human beings. History in the narrow sense means historical existence of human bings, namely the material activity and social existence of the human benign. Marx made use of the notion of history in two different meadings. If the meaning of history in historical materialism has the general sense, the meaning of historical materialism will have a narrow sense; it refers to the materialist comprehension of social history and conStitutes a pat of Marxist philosophy. If the meaning of history in historical materialism has the narrow sense, the meaning of historical materialism will have a general sense; it refers to the materialist philosophy which explains the human ideas with the historical existence of human beings and means the whole system of Marxist philosophy.This paper considers that only comprehending the new philosophy created by Mare as a historical materialism in the general sense, can we understand deeply the essence of the philosophical transfofmation made by Marx.