道德的民主化启蒙——以苏格兰启蒙运动为中心的考察

道德的民主化启蒙是18世纪启蒙运动重要论题。对此,哈奇森、休谟、斯密、弗格森等苏格兰启蒙思想家做了卓有成效的思想启蒙与理论思考,在道德主体问题上,这一群体立足于新兴商业社会,将致思的重心转向大多数的普通个人及其行为,扭转了长期以来道德精英化的取向,推进了道德主体的平等化。在道德认知与认同问题上,他们纠偏了的道德理性主义阴霾,充分肯定了情感在道德认同中的地位与作用,促进了道德认知的大众化。在道德的属性与规范要求问题上,他们还着力地申辩了与商业社会之时代精神相适应的"个体的道德"的合理性与正当性,展示了道德现代化的美好愿景。

The Enlightenment of Moral Democratization——An Investigation with Enlightenment in Scotland as the Focus of Study

The enlightenment of moral democratization is one of the most important research subjects of the eighteenth-century enlightenment. In this regard,some famous enlightenment thinkers, such as Hatchison,Hume,Smith,Ferguson had has achieved fruitful and constructive results in theoretical thinking. Based on the emerging business society,they shift their concern for moral enlightenment to most ordinary individuals as well as their behaviors,which reserves the elite-oriented moral tendency existing for a long time and promote the equalization of the moral subjects. They also correct the derivation of moral rationality by full affirmation of emotional element in moral identity and consequently improve the moral sense of popularization. Finally,by expounding the rationality and legitimacy of individual moral for commercial society,they bring forth splendid further vision of moral in modern society.