论词之“大”“小”

词学批评中"大"与"小"这一对范畴内涵的形成与丰富,与词孕育之初的社会文化背景、"大"与"小"本身的文化内涵、尤其是与其在诗文批评中的运用及词学批评的特性有密切的关系:词起源的民间性和女性化色彩决定了词在正统文学观念中长期被视为"小道""卑体".随着李易安的词"别是一家"、苏轼的"自是一家"、张炎的"清空""骚雅",到清代"西泠十子"以大雅为旨的尊体论,在一系列词学批评的影响,以及词本身的文人化、案头化和雅化的过程中,词逐渐从"市井小技"走向了"大雅之堂",词学也一跃而成为清代以来直至当代的"显学"之一.

On Ci's "grand" and" little"

The forming and enriching of intension in Ci's criticism were deeply related to social cultural background at the beginning,the two characters' cultural intension,especially their criticizing application in poems and Ci's criticism characteristic.Ci's folk and feminine natures determined that Ci was considered as " side road "," low body " by orthodox literature conception in its beginning.From Li Qingzhao's " special one ",Su Shi's "natural one",Zhang Yan's " limpidity and ligntness " and " poesy and elegance",to the theories of Ten Poets of Xi Ling who claimed the "grand " and "elegance",Ci moved towards " hall of elegance " from " town little skill " gradually,due to the influence of Ci's critism and Ci's developing course towards scholastic,written and elegant qualities,and the criticism of Ci's theories became one of important disciplines since Qing Dynasty.