创业研究回顾与展望

创业实践因新兴技术驱动的经济社会环境变革而发生了重大变化,涌现出了不少组织和战略理论甚至是创业研究也难以回答的新现象和新问题,这些现象和问题在中国情境下表现得非常突出,但并没有引起学者们的足够重视。基于此,本文采用扎根理论的编码设计,开展2008~2018年间发表的1842篇国际顶级创业研究文献的统计分析,在描述和评价研究主题发展态势和进展基础上,归纳出以创业前因、创业实施、创业结果与创业情境为体系的创业研究主题框架,进一步提出未来研究趋势和中国情境下开展创业研究的建议。研究结果对于推动我国创业研究的深化发展并开展具有国际学术影响力的高水平研究有着重要的理论价值。

Entrepreneurial Research: A Review and Prospects

In the past decade, great changes in China’s and even the global macro environment have broughtmany new phenomena and problems in entrepreneurial activities. However, we still don’t know whether entrepreneur-ship research has responded to the new changes sufficiently, what research opportunities have resulted from the inte-gration of entrepreneurship theory and practice. Therefore, it is necessary to launch a systematic literature review to re-spond to the above problems. This paper systematically reviews the development of entrepreneurship research in thepast decade, and based on coding analysis, summarizes the current research topic of entrepreneurship. On this basis,we construct a theoretical framework of the future research in Chinese context.First, this paper reviews the evolution of entrepreneurship research, taking 1988, 1998 and 2008 as time nodes,and divides four stages of entrepreneurship research so far. The first stage is sporadic exploration of entrepreneurshipresearch under the traditional theory. The second stage is the determination of entrepreneurship research as an inde-pendent research field. The third stage is independent exploration of entrepreneurship research. The fourth stage isoutward extension of entrepreneurship research.Next, in order to summarize relevant concepts and build theoretical framework, this paper focuses on the fourthstage of entrepreneurship research, and selects 1842 entrepreneurship-related literatures from eight international topmanagement journals such as AMJ and four international top entrepreneurship professional journals such as JBV from2008 to 2018 as the analysis objects. Drawing on the ideas of data coding in the grounded theory, we sequentially con-duct primary coding and focus coding for abstracts. Based on Shane and Venkataraman’s(2000) definition of entrepre-neurship and the importance of contextual factors, We form a research theme area including four dimensions of entre-preneurial antecedents, entrepreneurial implementations, entrepreneurial outcomes and entrepreneurial contexts. Then,the research issues and research progress in each dimension are systematically summarized. It is found that: first,based on different theoretical perspectives, the distinction between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs is continuous-ly researched, and the discussion of entrepreneurial opportunity itself has gradually turned into the focus on the oppor-tunity-based entrepreneurial processes. Second, the research emphasis of entrepreneurial implementations is placed onthe relationship with other related factors, while it is relatively weak about the research on the development andchange of entrepreneurial implementations itself. Third, corporate performance is still the most popular outcomes, andthe emphasis on entrepreneurial outcomes at the social level has increased. Fourth, the importance of entrepreneurialcontext has become a general consensus.Finally, based on China’s unique institutional, economic and cultural environment, this paper puts forward thetheoretical framework of future research. The theoretical framework includes: carrying out the unique and universal en-trepreneurial antecedents research in Chinese context; focusing on context-embedded entrepreneurial implementationsresearch; focusing on the outcomes of multiple entrepreneurial activities.The contributions of this paper are mainly in three aspects: First, based on a ten-year cycle, the historical con-text of entrepreneurship research development is systematically reviewed. Second, this study comprehensively analyzesand summarizes the research contents and research topics of 1842 literatures, and then depicts entrepreneurial re-search area with the system of entrepreneurial antecedents, implementations, outcomes and contexts. Third, this paperconstructs a theoretical framework of future Chinese entrepreneurship research.