中国小康社会建设40年：历程、经验与展望

"小康"目标是邓小平同志在1979年12月会见来华访问的前日本首相大平正芳时第一次正式提出来的,至今已整整40年。40年的小康社会建设是贯穿中国改革开放全过程的主旋律。本文站在全面建成小康社会收官之年的历史节点,梳理回顾了40年来小康社会建设从目标提出到全面建成的4次历史性飞跃,将小康社会建设的成功经验总结为始终坚持党的集中统一领导、始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想、始终坚持经济发展在各项事业中的基础性地位、始终坚持循序渐进的目标导向、始终坚持改革开放的根本途径。2020年将开始实施"十四五"规划并进入全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新时期,应继续发扬小康社会建设的成功经验,用"发展"提供现代化建设的不竭动力,用"改革"破除现代化进程的艰难险阻,用"全面"引领现代化道路的前进方向,用"质量"设定现代化水平的更高目标,用"美丽"扮靓现代化中国的国际形象。

Building a Xiaokang Society in China: History,Experience, and Prospect

During the meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira in December 1979,The conceptof"Well-off Society"was firstly proposed by Deng Xiaoping, who initiated the Reform and Opening Up in 1978. Af-ter that, the Well-off Society was established as a phased strategic goal of national development. During last forty-years, the progress of developing"Well-off Society"has experience four significant stages in China. The first stagewas that"Well-off Society"was officially proposed as"Chinese-style modernization."In the prior 20 years that followthe founding of the People’s Republic, the modernization of industry, agriculture, science and national defense, calledthe Four Modernizations, had always been the strategic goals of the Communist Party of China. But for a sorts of rea-sons, those goals were too hard to reach in the late 1970 s and"Well-off Society"was proposed as an alternative strate-gy, which played an irreplaceable role in reuniting the consensus of the Party and people across the country. The sec-ond stage was a successful transition from food and clothing to a well-off society. China has comprehensively solvedthe problem of food and clothing in 1990 and reached a well-off level of per capita annual income of $ 1,000 in2000. This is an unprecedented challenge for China to overcome the international socialist movement in the changinginternational situation of the 1980 s and 1990 s. It also played a vital role in creating a new situation in the cause of so-cialism with Chinese style. The third stage was the transition from"General Well-off"to"All-round Well-off". Sincethe"General Well-off"achieved in 2000 has a lot of debts in the areas of social livelihood, environmental protection,regional coordination, urban-rural sharing, employee rights, and military defense, the construction of a"All-roundWell-off"must reach a higher level and cover more comprehensive areas The crowd is moving, or this is an upgradeof the"Well-off"The fourth stage is from"developing"to"developed". The difference of these words demonstratesthe Party’s confidence to deliver the"Well-off Society"promise as scheduled, and the Party’s determination in its fur-ther leading the people across the country to complete the building of a socialist modern and real powerful country."All-round Well-off Society"march has left us a host of experiences. The first point is to always adhere to thecentralized and unified leadership of the Communist Party of China, which is the"direction guidance","theoreticalarming"and"organizational guarantee"for Well-off Society. The second point is persisting on the people-orienteddevelopment philosophy, which is reflected in sticking to development for the people and relying on the people. Thethird point is to insist rotate around economic developing. Economical developing should always be positioned in thecenter of promoting the coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancements, namely thefive-sphere integrated plan contained in the building of Well-off Society. The unswerving centrality of economic con-struction is the magic weapon for China to to overcome the all difficulties and hazards, to meet all kinds of challeng-es, to surmount the development trap in the past 40 years. The fourth point is always adhering to a gradual goal ori-entation. Chinese has a saying goes like"crossing the river by feeling the stones". In the construction of a well-offsociety, it is reflected in the adjustment of the"Four Modernizations"goal to the"General Well-off"goal, and thenthe"All around well-off"."Comprehensively prosperous"and set two"three steps"strategy and three"doubling"goals. The fifth point always adhere to the fundamental approach of reform and opening up. The Reform and openingup have enabled China to successfully achieve economic take-off, rapid growth, and institutional transition, and arecontinuing to guide the Communist Party of China in advancing comprehensive and deepening reforms.