临安市林业习惯法探析

明清以前封建政府推行的“列树表道”、“广植蚕桑”、保护“禅林”和“永业田”等政令,对保护临安森林资源发挥了积极作用,但“驰禁山泽”、砍伐缓坡丘陵地区的森林以种茶的作法则破坏了森林。天目山的僧侣护林制度使临安至今仍享有“大树华盖闻九州”的美誉。明清的禁碑显示临安地区林业中存在长期稳定的私人或团体对林木的私业权。民国时期的苗圃制度顺应了林木需求大大增长的要求。新中国成立以后,天目山地区的联防委员会与突击队制度有效地满足了防火护林的需要;30余种林业管理规章,在一定程度上标志着临安地区林业规章制度的成熟与完善。

On Forestry Conventional Law of Lin''''an

The decrees of feudal governments of China before the Ming Dynasty,such as "planting trees along roads","growing mulberry for raising silk worms" and "protecting trees planted in and around Buddhist temples",had played an active role in safeguarding forestry of Lin'an,whereas other practices such as cutting down trees on small hills and slopes for planting tea trees had led severe deforestation.The protection of trees in and around temples in Tianmu Mountain led to the exuberance of forestry.The old steles reveal that private ownership of forestry existed for a long time.Nursery gardens cultivated a lot of seedlings to be planted and met the need for wood.The thirty regulations of forestry supervision from 50s to 80s of 20th Century in Lin'an indicate maturity of forestry rules to a certain extent.