The Determinants of Neighborhood Satisfaction: Racial Proxy Revisited |
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Authors: | Sapna Swaroop Maria Krysan |
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Institution: | Invitation Health & Wellness, Inc., Eagan, MN 55121, USA. sapna_swaroop@invitationhealth.com |
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Abstract: | Understanding the factors that drive individuals’ residential preferences is a critical issue in the study of racial segregation.
An important debate within this field is whether individuals—especially whites—prefer to live in predominantly white neighborhoods
because they wish to avoid the social problems that may be more likely to occur in predominantly black neighborhoods (i.e.,
the racial proxy hypothesis) or because of racial factors that go beyond these social class–related characteristics. Through
a multilevel analysis of data from the 2004–2005 Chicago Area Study and several administrative sources, we assess the extent
to which the racial proxy hypothesis describes neighborhood satisfaction among whites, African Americans, and Latinos living
across a broad range of neighborhood contexts. The racial proxy perspective applies weakly to whites’ satisfaction: whites
report less satisfaction in neighborhoods with more minority residents, and only some of their dissatisfaction can be attributed
to local social characteristics. The racial proxy hypothesis applies more strongly to blacks’ and Latinos’ satisfaction. In
some cases, especially for Latinos, higher levels of satisfaction in integrated neighborhoods can largely be attributed to
the fact that these places have better socioeconomic conditions and fewer social problems than predominantly minority communities.
At the same time, effects of racial/ethnic composition persist in unique and somewhat divergent ways for blacks and Latinos,
supporting the assertion that racial composition matters, above and beyond its relation to social class. Taken together, these
findings suggest that individuals balance both socioeconomic and race-related concerns in their residential preferences. |
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