Rainfall interception of three trees in Oakland,California |
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Authors: | Qingfu Xiao E Gregory McPherson |
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Institution: | (1) Hydrologic Sciences Program, Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, 1731 Research Park Dr., Davis, CA 95618, USA;(2) USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Urban Ecosystems & Social Dynamics Program, Davis, CA 95618, USA |
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Abstract: | A rainfall interception study was conducted in Oakland, California to determine the partitioning of rainfall and the chemical
composition of precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow. Rainfall interception measurements were conducted on a gingko (Ginkgo biloba) (13.5 m tall deciduous tree), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) (8.8 m tall deciduous), and lemon tree (Citrus limon) (2.9 m tall broadleaf evergreen). The lemon, ginkgo, and sweet gum intercepted 27.0%, 25.2% and 14.3% of gross precipitation,
respectively. The lemon tree was most effective because it retained its foliage year-round, storing more winter rainfall than
the leafless ginkgo and sweet gum trees. Stemflow was more important for the leafless sweet gum. Because of its excurrent
growth habit and smooth bark, 4.1% of annual rainfall flowed to the ground as stemflow, compared to less than 2.1% for the
lemon and 1.0% for the ginkgo. Water samples were collected from throughfall, stemflow, and a nearby control site to measure
concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals. Compared to the control, samples from under trees had higher concentrations
of nutrients and metals (e.g., N, P, K, Zn and Cr), indicating that atmospheric deposition to tree crowns was a major source
of pollutants. Nutrient and metal concentrations were highest in gingko tree’s throughfall. Its rough stem surfaces and dense
branching pattern appeared to trap more pollutions than the other two trees. |
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