中国“写人学”的构建理据——从西方“叙事学”跨文化比较角度探讨

在西方“叙事学”日渐成为全球“显学”的今天,我们有必要构建一门本土化的中国“写人学”与之呼应。从学理上讲,中国“写人学”已经具备了与西方“叙事学”平起平坐的资格。首先,在经典文学创作传统中,西方强大的叙事冲力促成了“叙事学”的诞生和发展,而中国雄厚的写人资源也必然有利于“写人学”的降临。况且,中西小说中的叙事与写人往往分别是同生共长的,这也使得中国“写人学”拥有了与西方“叙事学”分庭抗礼的现实条件。其次,中西写人方式的异质性使得中国“写人学”拥有特行独立的本土品格,从而使之能够成为与西方“叙事学”平行的独立学科体系。再次,如果说西方“功能性”人物观催生了“叙事学”,那么,中国“本位性”人物观也自然会推动“写人学”的构建。

On the Constructed Rationality of the "Study about Chinese Describing Personages" --Compared with the "Narratology" of the West

On the nowadays of “Narratology" becoming the whole world “famous doctrine" day after day in the west, we have the necessity to construct a local "Study about Chinese Describing Personages" to echo with it. In the classical literature creation tradition, the western formidable narrative momentum has facilitated the birth and the development of the “Narratology", and Chinese abundant describing personages resources inevitably to be also advantageous at the “Study about Chinese Describing Personages" arrives. The narration and describing personages are developing at the same time respectively in the Chinese and Western novels, which caused the “Study about Chinese Describing Personages" have a practical reasons to stood up to the “Narratology" as an equal.The non-uniformity between the Chinese novels and the Western novels in describing personages also cause the “Study about Chinese Describing Personages" have the specific native moral character, thus enables it to become the parallel independent discipline system with the western “Narratology". Once more, if the western “Functional" character view has expedited the “Narratology", then, the “Standard" character view also naturally can impel the “Study about Chinese Describing Personages" constructing.