低碳经济背景下我国出口贸易的环境效应

贸易与环境关系的核心在于对贸易环境效应的认识。环境是一种世界性的公共产品,污染的外部性可能危及全球,对贸易的环境效应进行深入分析和评价十分必要。以我国CO₂和SO₂排放量作为环境污染的代理变量,将出口贸易的环境效应分解为规模、结构和技术三个方面,选取2001—2014年的分省年度数据对我国30个省、区和直辖市进行面板数据的回归分析。结果发现,当前的贸易在规模和技术上存在明显的环境效应,但结构效应并不明显,同时EKC曲线假说得到了证实。在此基础上,提出降低出口贸易中碳排放的政策建议。

Environmental effect of export trade in China under background of low carbon economy

The core of relationship between trade and environment lies in the understanding of environment effect of trade. Environment is a kind of global public good, and the externality of pollution may threaten the whole world. Hence, deep analysis and evaluation on the environment effect of trade is quite necessary. The emission of CO₂ and SO₂ in China is applied as proxy variable, and the environment effect of export trade is factored into three aspects of scale, structure and technology. The provincial annual data from 2001 to 2014 in China are selected to make regression analysis of panel data for the 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. It is found that significant environment effect exists on scale and technology of current trade, but the structure effect is not significant, and the EKC curve hypothesis is confirmed. Policy suggestions are proposed to reduce the carbon emissions in export trade.