现代忏悔的发生学:忏悔者与生活世界(上)

本文尝试通过讨论现代意义上的忏悔者,推进对于生活世界范畴的理解。文章从现象学的角度出发,首先清理了保罗·利科以现象学入精神分析的努力,试图在社会思想史中确立一种讨论忏悔的起点和框架。利科讨论了胡塞尔现象学和弗洛伊德的精神分析在理论和方法之间的亲和力,不过却并未将议题落实在社会理论的层面上。进而,本文通过对福柯关于忏悔的发生学研究的检讨,将对忏悔的理解集中在经典精神分析的理论传统之中。通过对于弗洛伊德谈话分析中自由联想法的理论背景分析,本文将谈话疗法与还原工作比观并照,互相证成,最后试图对于弗洛伊德式忏悔做一个现象学社会学式的理解。

A Genealogy of Modern Confession: Confessor and Life World(I)

By examining the phenomenon of modern confessor, this paper attempts to reach a better understanding of the term of "life world" as well as of modern sociology as a phenomenon. Paul Ricoeur's application of phenomenology to explain psychoanalysis is discussed in order to construct a framework of confession analysis in the history of social thoughts. Ricoeur dealt with the affinity in theory and methodology between Husserl's phenomenology and Freudian psychoanalysis, nevertheless he did so as a philosopher, not a social theorist. Foucault's analysis of confession phenomenon is also examined for the purpose of concentrating our discussion of confession under the theoretical tradition of classical psychoanalysis. Foucault considered confession as a subject that could uncover the relation between Subjectivity and Truth under modernity. Foucault was interested in the question of whether phenomenology could be explored for understanding irrationality, which for him was the key issue of understanding modern humans. Foucault centered his confession discussion on sexuality, circling us back to Freudian psychoanalysis. From there, the paper examines the free association method in Freudian conversation therapy and its theoretical background. A comparison of Freud's conversation therapy and Husserl's works is then made to gain a phenomenological and sociological understanding of Freudian confession.