蒙元与满清政权汉化状况之比较

汉化是我国历史上每个少数民族政权入主中原后所必须面对的重大命题,蒙元和满清政权在兴起后,都在不同程度上推行汉化,沿用中原政治文明成果,重用汉族儒生,学习汉族的文化经典。尽管汉化并不是决定蒙元与满清政权兴衰的唯一因素,但是汉化对于这两个少数民族政权的影响是巨大的。少数民族政权汉化水平的高低,在一定程度上决定了它们在中原统治是否长久。蒙元入主中原后无意于系统深入地推进政权的汉化,政权汉化水平较低,在中原立国不到百年之际便匆匆退回草原故地。对比之下,满清政权的汉化水平较高,在中原地区的统治得以延续两百多年。

Comparison of Sinicization localization of Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchu Qing Dynasty regime

Sinicization is a major proposition that must be faced by every minority nationality in China after entering the central plains. After the rise of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchu Qing Dynasty regimes, the Sinicization is carried out in different degrees, the achievements of political civilization in central plains are followed, the Confucian scholars of the Han nationality are hired in higher positions, and the cultural classics of the Han nationality are studied. Although Sinicization is not the only decisive factor for the rise and fall of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and Manchu Qing Dynasty regimes, the influence of Sinicization on the regimes of the two minority nationalities is enormous. The Sinicization level of minority culture regimes determines the length of rule in the Central Plains by the minority regimes to some extent. After the Mongolian Yuan entering and hosting the Central Plains, it does not intend to push forward the Sinicization of the regime, and the level of Sinicization of the regime is low. The Mongolians have to exit Central Plains and go back to the their grassland hometown within a century. In contrast, the level of Manchu Qing regime is high, the rule of the Manchu to the Central Plains lasts for more than two hundred years.