论哈贝马斯 “话语”概念的反映性质

“话语”是哈贝马斯思想的关键概念之一，具有强烈的反映性质，这种性质是通过语言来 体现的。首先，话语的内容是对哈贝马斯所划分的三个世界即客观世界、社会世界和主观世界的反映。 其次，话语要获得成功，要求话语主体具备基本的反映能力，即对生活世界的反映能力、基本的言语理 解能力和能动地创造生活意义的能力。最后，反映的结果有两种可能，如果话语反映了三个世界，那么 话语双方就达成共识，并以此来规范双方的行动；如果话语没有完全反映那三个世界，话语就失败。这种话语概念虽然并没有摆脱传统反映论的理论范式，但是对传统反映论进行了深化和拓展。

On the Reflective Characteristic of Habermass Concept of Discourse

The essay delineates a critique of abstract normative theorizing in ethics and politics by describing an alternative diagnostic practice in philosophy. It sketches the evolution of this practice from Kant through Marx and Nietzsche to Foucault and seeks to identify its distinctive character by comparing and contrasting it to diagnostic practices in medicine. In conclusion, the essay argues that the specific element in a philosophical form of diagnostic practice lies in its concern with the conceptual tools needed in any diagnosis of the present and in its attention to the epistemological limitations inherent in such practice.