哈贝马斯新社会运动理论述评

哈贝马斯把新社会运动视为人的需要受到忽视的结果,通过参照"系统"与"生活世界"的分裂的观点,从"合法化"的角度来探讨新社会运动的命运。哈贝马斯认为新社会运动具有两大特点:一是这些运动能防止"生活世界殖民化",通过交往理性来维护规范共识;二是这些运动的本质要求是较少关注物质再生产,而更关注文化再生产、社会一体化和社会化。由于这些运动与传统的围绕分配而展开斗争的工人运动不同,哈贝马斯认为它们不可能被政党制度化或通过物质补偿而缓和。哈贝马斯的"新社会运动理论"对当下的和谐社会的构建具有启发意义,但其在有着理论解释力的同时也存有某些理论局限性。

On Habermas's Theory of "New Social Movements"

Habermas regards that the new social movements result from human need being ignored. By reference to the division between the "system" and "life world" and from the viewpoint of "Legitimation", he explores the fate of New Social Movements(NSMs). Habermas argues that NSMs has two main characteristics: Firstly, NSMs can prevent colonization of the life world and maintain the normal consensus by communicative rationality; Secondly, the essential requirement of NSMs are less concerned about material reproduction, but pays more attention to the cultural reproduction, social integration and socialization. As NSMs are different from the traditional labour movements aimed at the struggle around allocation, Habermas argues that NSMs can not be institutionalized by political parties or to be moderated through material compensation. However, while Habermas’ "New Social Movements" theory has theoretical explanatory power but also there are also some theoretical limitations.