美国族群问题及其破解对策

美国是一个多族群的国家,族群之间的矛盾和斗争充斥着整个美国历史发展过程。"二战"之后,特别是20世纪80年代以来,由于白人至上主义和极右思潮的抬头,美国族群关系更趋于紧张。然而,在前苏联、南斯拉夫这些多族群国家解体的后冷战时代,美国却能够保持相对稳定的族群关系。这主要得益于其不断完善的法律制度、多元与一体的相对平衡,以及不断改进的社会保障制度等因素。由于美国族群政策是建立在资本主义私有制基础之上的,具有不可避免的局限性,因而对美国的族群政策应重于研究、分析,慎于借鉴。

An Analyze of the Ethnic Group Problem and Its Countermeasure in the U.S.A

The United States is a multi-ethnic country,in which contradictions and struggles between ethnic groups were numerous in the historical development of the United States.After World War II,especially in the 1980s,because of the Caucasian supremacy principle and ultra right ideological trend gaining ground,the US ethnic relations tend to be even more intense.However,in the post-Cold War era with the disintegration of those multi-ethnic countries such as the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia,the United States was able to maintain a relatively stable relationship between ethnic groups.This paper thinks that it may be attributed largely to the continuously improved legal system,the relative balance of diversifiedness and integration of as well as the continuously improvement of social security system and so on.Because the United States ethnic policy has been based on the country’s specific social and historical conditions,and suffered from inevitable limitation,thus the United States ethnic policy should be paid attention to and explored into but cautious in drawing lessons from.