个性灵魂与理性旗帜的悖论 --丹纳艺术本质特征论

丹纳在<艺术哲学>中提出种族-时代-环境"三因素"说,其中蕴含了黑格尔式的艺术观念.种族-时代-环境既是理念,又是艺术要表现的内容,艺术家作为中间环节是通过创造性的模仿将理念变成艺术品.丹纳的模仿说揭示了艺术的想像性与独创性、主观性与情感性、形象性与典型性等本质特征,可他注重艺术个人情感和个性表现的非理性立场与时代所倡导的科学理性精神互相抵牾."然而正是由于这种复杂性,泰纳才具有他在文学艺术上所不断探求的‘代表性'的高度."1](P68)

The Individual Soul in Contradiction with Rationality--on the Essence of Taine' s Artistic Features

The view of"three factors", race--epoch --environment, advanced in Taine's Philosophie de l'art implies Hegel's artistic viewpoints. Race--epoch--environment is the idea as well as the presentation of the art. The artist transforms the idea into artistic works by employing the inventive imitation. Taine's view on imitation reveals some essential features of art, such as imaginative and originally creative, subjective and emotional, vivid and typical. He centers on the mutual conflicts between the non-rational stand of personal emotion and presentation of individuality, and scientific reasonable spirit advocated by epoch. " Thus it is the complexity that makes Taine reach the height of the everlasting pursuing representativeness' in the literary art.