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In a Nervous Voice: Acoustic Analysis and Perception of Anxiety in Social Phobics’ Speech
Authors:Petri Laukka  Clas Linnman  Fredrik Åhs  Anna Pissiota  Örjan Frans  Vanda Faria  Åsa Michelgård  Lieuwe Appel  Mats Fredrikson  Tomas Furmark
Institution:(1) Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 1225, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden;(2) Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;(3) Uppsala Imanet AB, Uppsala, Sweden
Abstract:This study investigated the effects of anxiety on nonverbal aspects of speech using data collected in the framework of a large study of social phobia treatment. The speech of social phobics (N = 71) was recorded during an anxiogenic public speaking task both before and after treatment. The speech samples were analyzed with respect to various acoustic parameters related to pitch, loudness, voice quality, and temporal aspects of speech. The samples were further content-masked by low-pass filtering (which obscures the linguistic content of the speech but preserves nonverbal affective cues) and subjected to listening tests. Results showed that a decrease in experienced state anxiety after treatment was accompanied by corresponding decreases in (a) several acoustic parameters (i.e., mean and maximum voice pitch, high-frequency components in the energy spectrum, and proportion of silent pauses), and (b) listeners’ perceived level of nervousness. Both speakers’ self-ratings of state anxiety and listeners’ ratings of perceived nervousness were further correlated with similar acoustic parameters. The results complement earlier studies on vocal affect expression which have been conducted on posed, rather than authentic, emotional speech.
Keywords:Anxiety  Fear  Vocal expression  Social phobia  Speech
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