应用EMME／2宏语言执行道路定价模型

香港的交通拥挤非常严重，而且好像并不能通过增加道路容量来解决，考虑到大多数拥挤地区空间的限制和增加道路容量所导致的潜在需求，交通规划人员和经济专家们为解决交通拥挤问题，已经把他们的注意力从交通供方面转移交通需求上。道路定价方法可构成交通需求管理战略的一部分，为交通拥挤问题提供了一个有效、公平、灵活的解决方案。香港特共政府已指定了一个咨询机构，来调查电子道路定价系统的需求，以及执行后的社会反应，为了

IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD PRICING MODEL WITH THE EMME/2 MACRO LANGUAGE

Traffic congestion, in Hong Kong, is a serious prohlem and is unlikely to he solved by addinq more road capacity. Due to spatial limitation in the most congested areas and latent demand induced by the added capacity, transport planners and economists have shifted their focus from the supply side to the demand side for tackling traffic congestion, Road pricing can form part of a traffic demand management strategy to provide an efficient, equitahle and flexible solution to handle traffic congestion problems in the long term. The Government of the 'Hong Kong Soecial Administrative Region appointed a consultancy to investigate the requirement for electronic road pricing (ERP) system implementation, the social impacts and its implications, As a Part of the study requirement, A discrete choice model with multinomial logit formulation was develooed in order to assess major behavioural change in traveller responses due to ERP. From a review of the previous Hong Kong ERP study and other worldwide experience. the most likely responses of travellers to ERP are identified as paying the road pricinq charge, changinq the time of travel,changing the route taken, switching to other modes, switching to use Park and Ride facility, increasing vehicle occupancy for ERP cost sharing and suppressing of trip making. A stated preference (SP) survey was designed to collect information upon individuals' likely responses to the'alternative ERP responses defined ahove, The SP survey results were analysed to derive the ERP assessment modeI coefficients, The model was integrated with an existing muIti-modal, four-steo model to produce a tool capable of analysing alternative ERP strategies hy using EMME/2,