北京市民公共行为文明指数研究的主导观念 ———兼说民族性建设

文章就北京市民公共行为指标体系构建问题,着重分析市民公共文明的层级性及其理论依据;一年后的跟踪调查结果数据表明,这个指标体系构成有利于了解市民公共行为的薄弱环节和社会态度,有利于社会动员。文章的写作意图在于对民族性建设的思考。文中提出了两个主导观念:公共空间的表层与底层预设,公共文明的层级性预设。这种主导观念下的问卷结果经分析较好地揭示出,中国民族性变迁在实际地发生着;这个变迁经常是从“身边”开始;“身边文明”与“身边不文明”同时存在着;“身边不文明”更值得重视;公共文明的层级性构成隐含了民族性变迁的部分内容、有利于这种变迁的文化质素与不利质素都存在。在一个人口众多、社会资源配置不太合理的大国里,要求人人事事都没有“身边不文明”表现,是不可能的,但是,有一条尊重自己、尊重他人、尊重不同国度生活规则的“尊严线”是必须恪守的;公共参与是公共文明水平提高的综合性要素,是应当着力倡导的人性呼唤。

Research Notions on Beijing Citizen's Public Behavioral Civilization Index——Also in Reference to the Formation of Nationality Characters

This paper focuses on the analysis of the layered structure of citizen's public behavioral civilization as well as its theoretical basis in the process of establishing an index for Beijing citizen's public behavioral civilization. One year of follow-up survey indicates that such an index is helpful in understanding the weak points of citizen's public behavior and their social attitudes, conducive to social mobilization. The purpose of composing this paper lies in the thinking of the formation of nationality characters. The paper has put forward two notions: public space's superficial and bottom projection and the projection of the layered structure of public civilization. Responses to questionnaire prepared under such notions reveal well that transformation of Chinese nationality characters is indeed taking place. This transformation often occurs "next to you". Both "next to you civilized behavior" and "next to you uncivilized behavior" exist. The "next to you uncivilized behavior" deserves more attention. The layered structure of public civilization contains some contents of the transformation. Both the cultural quality favorable to this transformation and unfavorable elements are out there. In a big country with huge population and not well allocated social resources, it is impossible to require everyone and everything not showing "uncivilized next to you behavior". However, one "dignity baseline" has to be abided by to keep the self-respect, respect for others and respect for rules of different countries. Public participation is the essence for upgrading public civilization, which should be strongly advocated to arouse the good human nature.