中国内陆开放实践：机制分析与经济增长效应*

本文回顾了中国内陆开放的实践，并运用31个省（市、自治区）2000—2016年的面板数据通过建立双重差分模型（DID）实证检验了内陆开放的经济增长效应。研究表明：（1）中欧班列开启了中国内陆开放实践起点，2011—2016年，中欧班列开行数量快速增长，年均增速达160%，有效改善了中国内陆地区参与国际贸易的运输条件。（2）内陆开放将内陆地区变成开放前沿，显著地促进了中国中西部地区的经济增长。这一结论能够通过一系列稳健性检验。（3）内陆开放促进经济增长主要通过成本效应和结构调整效应两种机制实现。中国内陆开放的有效实践为其他内陆国家和地区发展开放型经济提供了有益借鉴。

Study on the Practice of Inland China Opening up: Mechanism Analysis and Effect on Economic Growth

This paper reviewed the practice of inland China opening-up, and empirically tested the effect on economic growth through the design of difference in differences model (DID) using panel data covering 31 provinces of China, including municipalities and autonomous regions over the period from 2000 to 2016. The research shows that China Railway Express (CR express) opened a new horizon for inland China opening up practice. From 2011 to 2016, the operation quantity of CR express was undergoing annual average growth of 160%, which effectively improved the transportation conditions for inland China areas to participate in the international trade market. Secondly, the practice of inland opening-up turned inland regions into open frontiers, and finally significantly boosted the economic growth of central and western China. This conclusion can be examined through a series of robustness tests. Thirdly, the fact of inland opening up promoting economic growth was achieved by such two means as improved cost effectiveness and industrial restructuring efforts. As an implication, the success of the practice of inland China opening-up provides a useful reference for other inland countries and regions to develop open economy.