从托尔斯泰的复古主张与禁欲主义管窥其与老子的不同

托尔斯泰对老子思想非常赞服，其思想主张中也有与老子思想相一致的地方，有人甚至认为他是“俄国的老子”。但托尔斯泰与老子处于不同的社会环境中，他的思想与老子不可能完全等同。虽然他某些对文明、科学、禁欲的观点等似乎与老子相同，但深究之后则会发现，其出发点与目的地都与老子有所不同。托尔斯泰是以悲天悯人情怀为俄国的民众寻找出路，而老子则更致力于为统治者们探求最有效的治国之道，他们对社会进步的否定和对禁欲的推崇中体现出了这种差异。

A Restricted View on the Difference between Tolstoy and Lao-tzu Based on the Research of Tolstoy's Restoration and Asceticism

Tolstoy thought highly of Lao-tzu and agreed with him in many respects, and as a result, he is regarded as ＂Lao- tzu in Russia＂. Yet, it is impossible to equate Tolstoy＇s ideas with Lao-tzu＇s, considering their different growing environments. On the surface, Tolsoy＇s some opinions on culture, science and asceticism are the same as Lao-tzu＇s, yet a thorough examination shows that the result and goal are different from Lao-tzu＇s. Tolstoy wanted to find out a way for the poor with compassionate feelings for the Russians, yet Lao-tzu attempted to help the ruling class dominate effectively. The difference between them can be shown from comparing Tolsoy＇s and Lao-tzu＇s ideas on their negation of modernizations and the pursuit of asceticism.