国际航空旅客运输承运人责任制度刍论

承运人责任问题是国际航空旅客运输规则的核心问题，其中承运人赔偿责任限额制度和归责原则是贯穿该问题的两条主线。为保护幼稚的民航业，1929年《华沙公约》确立了以过错推定责任原则为归责原则的民用航空承运人责任制度并规定了较低的赔偿责任限额。1999年《蒙特利尔公约》在《华沙公约》的基础上全面提高了赔偿责任限额，引入了全新的严格责任制度、“双梯度责任制度”、建立了限额的定期审查机制，并首次规定了先行付款制度。将两个公约进行研究对比，可以对中国民用航空法相关规定的完善有所启示。

On the Liability of Carriers in International Passenger Air Transportation

The liability of carriers is the core of the legal issues in international air transportation . In order to protect the growing aviation industry, the 1929 Warsaw Convention adopted fault presumed liability rules and set a low limitation of compensation. The 1999 Montreal Convention has wholly improved overall limitation of compensation, and adopted the strict liability rule, dual gradient liability and set the limit periodic review mechanism, and for the first time provided the advanced payment system. By comparing these two Conventions, we can find helpful implications for improving the relevant provisions in China.