医疗服务和保险中公共机制和市场机制的作用

在医疗保险制度的实践中 ,各国政府起着重要作用 ,大多数发达国家具有政府筹资或组织的针对全体人口的医疗保险制度 ,即使是在市场经济占主导的美国 ,也具有政府筹资和组织的老年医疗保险和穷人医疗保险 ,而且 ,医疗领域是美国政府干预最多的领域。卫生经济学理论认为这是由于医疗服务和保险是种特殊商品 ,而且作为社会保障制度的一部分 ,医疗服务和保险制度要兼顾效率和公平。但是理论和实践都证明 ,政府的公共机制并非是对市场失灵纠正的完美机制 ,存在政府失灵 ,会造成全社会的福利损失 ,这在市场机制本身并不完善的发展中国家尤其严重。各国改革的实践中越来越注重市场机制和公共机制的结合 ,追求效率和公平的均衡 ,费用控制和服务质量的兼顾

Rules of Public and Market Mechanism in Medical Service and Insurance

Governments play important rules in practice of medical insurance.Government funded medical insurance systems for the whole people are available in many developed countries.In United States,which is dominated by market economy,medical insurance for the aged and poor is also provided.According to medical economics,medical service and insurance are special commodities.As a part of social security,both efficiency and equality should be considered.However,theories and practices have proved that government rule in this field did not work well,especially in those developing countries whose market economic system did not well established.In reforms of many countries,integration of public and market mechanism is stressed to seek harmonious progress in efficiency and equality,cost control and quality of service.