"延安道路"中的性别问题——阶级与性别议题的历史思考

1943年开始全面施行的《中国共产党中央委员会关于各抗日根据地目前妇女工作方针的决定》(简称“四三决定”),针对过于激进的“妇女主义”影响到乡村社会稳定发展这一问题,倾向于寻找一种实际的方式,以避免乡村矛盾,强调妇女参与生产和增强她们对于经济生产的贡献。新政策在消除农村社会不和谐音、强化人民团结的同时,传统农村父权制家庭结构下性别问题被遮蔽了。延安时期,“新女性”的代表丁玲因与当时的主流观念有所不同而饱受批评。而最终是以丁玲站在“党性和党的立场”作为收束,这固然是当时革命形势的需要,但是,也使得当时隐约呈现的性别问题被搁置了。“延安道路”对性别问题的态度,可以追溯到五四后期左翼革命话语如何整合女性话语,也与国际共产主义运动所依据的妇女解放理论有着密切关联。对此进行重新审视有助于以更为积极的方式把女性主义结合进当代中国的社会主义实践。

The Sex of "Yan''''an Road"——A Historical Thinking of Class and Sex

Decision by the Central Commission about Women Works in Anti-JapaneseBase Areas(so called the Four Three Decisions) was included in the new policy issued begin from 1943,which advocates a gentle method for women works against those of radicals encouraging young women to be independent in price of the stability of rural society.However,the new policy neglects the sex oppression in its efforts to achieve harmonious communities.When Ding Ling appealed for women's right,she was in conflict with the dominant ideology which intentionally or unintentionally took sex issues as "problem invisible",therefore was doom to be criticized.The paper holds that "Yan'an Road"'s attitude towards sex can be traced back to late May Fourth period which witnesses how the left revolutionary discourse integrates female discourse,especially that of modern urban radical feminist culture.It links closely to the female liberation theory advanced by the communist international as well.