Predictors of adverse gambling related consequences among adolescent boys |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Behavioral Disorders, Borongajska 83f, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Ivana Lucica 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;1. Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia;2. School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Pde, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia;3. Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;4. Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;5. School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia;6. Prevention Sciences, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia;7. Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;8. Centre for Gambling Research, School of Sociology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;1. VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA;2. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;3. VISN 1 New England MIRECC, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, 200 Spring Road, Building 5, Room 135B, Bedford, MA 01730, United States;4. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Division of Addiction Psychiatry, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, United States;5. VA VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, 400 Fort Hill Avenue, Canandaigua, NY 14424, USA;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;1. International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High Risk Behaviors, McGill University, 3724 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada;2. Centre for Gambling Education & Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Although gambling is illegal for minors, adolescents do gamble and even higher proportions of adolescents than adults are at risk to become problem gamblers. Moreover, many adolescents suffer from a wide range of gambling related harms, and this study sought to examine what predicts different adverse consequences of adolescent gambling. Our aim was to test whether various cognitive, motivational and behavioural factors were associated with psychosocial consequences and loss of control, and with interpersonal and financial consequences of gambling, as measured by the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory, the only instrument developed specifically for use on adolescents. The data was collected on a convenience sample of 1330 male Croatian students (Mage = 16.58, SDage = 1.16) from all three types of secondary education in Croatia. Results show that a high proportion of adolescents gamble, and that almost half of them are either at risk or can already be considered problem gamblers. Sport betting, VLT machines and betting on virtual horse races were the most frequent gambling activities for Croatian high-school boys. Hierarchical regression models showed that psychosocial consequences and loss of control can be predicted by higher frequency of gambling, previous experience with winning money and a specific motivation to earn money gambling, to become a better gambler and with having a drive to continue gambling after winning. On the other hand, interpersonal and financial consequences were predicted again by a higher frequency of gambling, the motive to be a better gambler and the drive to continue gambling after winning, but also by specific motivation to relax and feel better. Having more cognitive distortions, specifically having poorer understanding of chance and probabilities and more superstitious beliefs, as well as engagement in general risky and antisocial behaviour also predicted more interpersonal and financial consequences. Findings are discussed in the context of practical implications for prevention programs of adolescent gambling. |
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