Violence exposure and bullying among African American adolescents: Examining the protective role of academic engagement |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Connecticut, School of Social Work, 1798 Asylum Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117, United States;2. School of Social Work, Wayne State University, 5447 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, United States;3. Sungkyunkwan University, Humanities and Social Science Campus, Department of Social Welfare, 61505 Suseon Hall, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration, 969 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States;1. Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada;2. Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada;1. Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil;2. Ribeirão Preto Philosophy, Sciences and Literature School, University of São Paulo, Brazil;1. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, School of Social Work, 1404 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA;2. University of Mississippi, Oxford, Department of Social Work, 108 Longstreet Hall, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA;3. Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | While African American youth are at disproportionate risk for both community violence exposure and bullying, few studies have examined the association between these two forms of violence in this population. Moreover, given the countless hours that youth spend in schools, identifying school experiences that might protect against this association is an important step to reducing the likelihood of engagement in bullying. The present study explored whether academic engagement buffers the association between exposure to community violence (i.e., hearing about violence, witnessing or victimization) and bullying involvement (i.e., perpetration or victimization) in a cross-sectional sample of low-income African American adolescents residing in Chicago. A convenience sample of 638 African American high school students were recruited from several Chicago neighborhoods between 2014 and 2015. A series of hierarchical linear regression models assessed the relation between types of community violence exposure, academic engagement and bullying behaviors. We found that youth exposed to community violence – specifically, those who had been victimized and heard about violence – were at increased risk for being victims and perpetrators of bullying. High academic engagement reduced the likelihood that youth who heard about violence well would be at higher risk for bullying involvement. Prevention efforts aimed at reducing bullying involvement would benefit from assessing and targeting violence and victimization in the community, in addition to youths' school experiences. |
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