UNCITRAL运输法公约（草案）托运人制度之变革及对策

托运人是海上货物运输合同重要的一方当事人，《海牙规则》为托运人设置了诸多权利义务，但没有给托运人下过定义；《汉堡规则》设置了两类托运人，即缔约托运人和发货托运人，将发货人纳入托运人概念之中；而UNCITRAL运输法公约（草案）将发货人从托运人概念中排除出去，并单独设置了“单证托运人”，演变为缔约托运人与单证托运人二元结构。发货托运人与单证托运人有着重要区别。运输法草案的这一规定将给中国外贸出口带来重大影响。

Transformation and countermeasure of shipper system under UNCITRAL transport law draft

The shipper is one of important party under the contract of carriage of goods by sea,The Hague Rule has established many rights and duties of the shipper,but has not made the definition for the shipper.The Hamburg Rule has established two kind of shippers,namely the concluded shipper and the delivered shipper,incorporates the consignor into the shipper concept.But the UNCITRAL transportation law draft removes the consignor from the shipper concept,and alone has established "document-shipper",evolves for the concluded shipper and the document-shipper dual structure.Delivered shipper and document-shipper have important differences.This stipulation under transportation law draft will bring significant influence on China exportation trade.